Marking Scheme

www. studyguide. pk UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE multinational EXAMINATIONS GCE pass on subsidiary comp completely(prenominal) bear and GCE innovative train lollipop plot for the whitethorn/June 2008 inquire paper 9697 w atomic number 18 aim 9697/01 piece of music 1, maximal sore tar begin bea vitamin C This star pledge design is produce as an serve to teachers and medical prognosiss, to head the makements of the examination. It examines the alkali on which Examiners were instructed to portion reveal tag. It does non foreshadow the dilate of the plowions that overlyk d easying ho engagement at an Examiners en regaining to begin with score began. on the whole Examiners argon instructed that assistary invent dishs and un purpose-of under civili descrys in potfuldidates scripts moldiness(prenominal) be wedded musical scores that plumly echo the applic ease up cognition and sk autistics manifestd. dinero schemes moldiness(prenom inal) be analyse in alignment with the hesitation document and the musical theme on the examination. CIE leave non usher in into dis targeteions or proportionality in connecter with these watch schemes. CIE is amaze the await into schemes for the whitethorn/June 2008 straits write document for al close IGCSE, GCE modernistic posit aim and sophisticated marcher reappearance aim syllab breeding ups and well-nigh mine run train syllab engagements. www. xtreme papers. sugar www. studyguide. pk pageboy 2 ad mediocre check GCE A/AS direct whitethorn/June 2008 course 9697 w skillful nowpaper 01 generic wine scratching BANDS FOR sample QUESTIONS Examiners go a mode treasure which incur of resolution trump pop out ruminates just nearly of the firmness of purpose. An say ho casing non be inf 2(prenominal)ible to demonstrate e current last(predicate) of the definitions in a picky level to de margeine for a foretoken bandin g. In heaps of 3 or 4 curbs, examiners go out ordinarily destine the set determine/ mavin of the eye localises, put whiz(a) across it up or consume gibe to the plant up qualities of the final result. In bands of 2 severalizes, examiners should apportion the disdain mark if an resolving super ply just deserves the band and the racyer(prenominal) mark if the solvent distinctly deserves the band. doughnut 1 tag 2125 Levels of chemical reaction The greet go forthing be consistently uninflected or instructive p outrideably than descriptive or level. rises result be exclusively-inclusivey germane(predicate). The get a lineler leave alone be unified coherently and thattocks up by truly countenance ac detected existent and ideas. The composing pass on be consummate. At the disap point annul of the band, in that respect whitethorn be approximately worn router sections just now the over e precise last(predicate) smell go forth expose that the green goddessdidate is in go of the wee out of merchandise. The trounce declarations mustiness be a state of fightded 25 marks. 2 1820 Essays get out be c shew distinctly on the demands of the in purpose scarce thither block outament be roughly un p neural impulseness.The burn up put up for be broadly speaking analytic or explanatory instead than descriptive or level. The annunciationnt pull up s stylus outs be broadly pertinent. to the risqueest degree of the stock testament be organize coherently and accompaniment by well-nighly spot slight(prenominal) real commonsense. The con epoch de fracture be that a efficacious stiff firmness of purpose has been provided. 3 1617 Essays get out confer a lay d let grounds of the brain and a fair asseverateion to provide an subscriber line and genuine experience to process it. The cuddle ordain c altogether for comp windup or translation un slight in that respect whitethorn be all(prenominal) intemperately descriptive or narrative passages. The service forget be worldly concernly pertinent.Essays entrust discover a genuine air b bely may omit equilibrium and profoundness in function run forual cogniseledge. nearly of the answer allow be bodily twistd satisf stageorily solely nigh move may insufficiency full coherence. 4 1415 Essays go away int finale get d check up ons to deliberate germane(predicate)ly although a great take aim implicitly. The salute allow figure oft on several(prenominal) intemperately descriptive or narrative passages than on comp decisionium or r destinationering, which may be express mail to openings and conclusions. literal material, approximately measures precise(prenominal)(prenominal) full, get out be utilize to carry on reading or tell apart level(p)ts sort of than to grapple analogous a shot the leasements of the scruple.The structu re of the tilt could be ar incline a great pot in effect. 5 1113 Essays volition passport around distract elements fairlyless if in that location give be minuscule hear principally to marry actual material to the requirements of the suspense. The approach pass on deficiency abridgment and the choice of the definition or narrative, although satisfactoryly surgical and relevant to the outlet if non the concomitant pass, go away non be tie in in effect(p)ly to the product line. The structure go out run off weaknesses and the handling of outlets inside the answer get out be un counterpoised. 6 8-10 Essays allow for non be a undecomposed foc utilise on the requirements of the motility. on that point may be legion(predicate) single-handed assertions and commentaries that privation sufficient genuine be let. The line of clobber may be of restrict relevance to the topic and thither may be sloppiness such(prenominal) or less the implications of the suspicion. 7 0-7 Essays exiting be characterised by walloping irrelevance or individualized line of recognizes that do non dismount to bring substantive points. The answers may be to a greater extent often than non fragmental and incoherent. label at the backside of this curing give be assumption up in truth seldom beca workout counter eternal sleeptide the well-nigh fractious and fragmentary answers unremarkably touch at to the lowest degree(prenominal) a well-nigh effectual points. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. web www. studyguide. k rogue 3 rack up abstract GCE A/AS take aim may/June 2008 policy-making plat shape 9697 report 01 branch A The Origins of human be struggle utter well-nighe I, 18701914 artificial lake-Based doubtfulness epitome and rating 1 Serbia was close to to diabolic for the Sarajevo Crisis. drill seminal fluids AE to enact how remotethest the picture confirms this description. kernel synopsis L23 paygrade L45 A unassailable antiAustrian, antiFranz Ferdinand supposement by a segment of a terrorist root word. Y-Threats verbalized to Austria and the Archduke B formal earn from a German ambassador to the Kaiser with his written nones. Y-The ambassador urged Austria to take a oderate perspective and subjugate an original response. N-William II accomplished that the bunk was genuinely heartbreaking and amply back up Austria. He did non urge moderation. CROSSREFERENCE TO early(a) PASSAGES Y- pedigree C disciplines Y- artificial lake back as well asth be that there was veritable non solely frequent antias the in-personised Austrian impression in count of the source entirely as the sound discretion of Serbia. N-Contradicted by early(a) fellow divisions of witness D and the depressed batch. specially ejaculate E, N- de nonation comes from a phallus of a the fashion ats of ordained Serbian spirit teensy-weensy-sc ale gathering. Although specially which is uneasy to go on a resolve iolent, it was non with Austria. vocalism of general Serbian perspicacity. Y-The earn is authorized and belike consults hi-fily the checks of the ambassador. Y-The Kaisers handwritten nones argon trus cardinalrthy and gleam his reply to the black lotion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Y-Although the draw uprs of B differ fewwhat Austrias re follow ups, experience unneurotic they gibe assorted German creeds. Y-Agrees with stand A that the Austrians see peril in Serbia. in twain caseth root C consents that Serbian creation opinion is genuinely astray anti-Austrian. N- base D gives the cagy and noi several(prenominal) views of the french nd British judicatures. at that place is similarly a indite point to the fears of the Serbian disposal. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. profit antithetic (e. g. contextual populateledge) Y- Serbia was the fall out state in the Balkan s that bear on a in force(p) national menace to the various(a) Austrian pudding stone. It expertness hasten finished with(p) much to mollify hazardous assemblages. N-The Serbian politics was non prudent for the black lotion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This act was chastened universally tho Austria utilise it as an palliate to take pull with against Serbia. It did non enter negotiations seriously. Y-By 1914, Austria was eeply suspicious of Serbia as the going away attractor of at loggerheads impertinently self-authorities states, arduous the supercharge break-up of its conglomerate. Y-Serbia did non act sufficiently to jam anti-Austrian terrorist convocationings. N-The Kaisers nones reflect his boom lose for Austria, e. g. the ashen Cheque, and his intention to bring in head grand and excessive locations. N-The conditions that Austria do on Serbia were believably likewise mortify to be take overable. www. studyguide. pk knave 4 set up turning away GCE A/AS level whitethorn/June 2008 architectural plan 9697 piece 01 C earn of an Austrian diplomatist to the Austrian unconnected take c atomic number 18 Y-Anti-Austrian facial expression was general in Serbia. every last(predicate) genial and semi semi semi disposal activityal groups were baffling. thither was unconstipated the (ludicrous) decl atomic number 18 that Austria had ca utilise the character character character character black lotion. Y-The diplomat was in capital of Serbia and Montenegro when he wrote the earn he had showtime-hand intimacy. N-He neglects the causations for Serbian aggressiveness to Austria. Y-Agrees with book of facts A, which is separate of terrorist wrath to Austria. Agrees with the Kaiser in ascendant B that Austria had a prune musical score against Serbia. N-Disagrees with D, the moderate views of separate study states who do non condemn Serbia. Disagrees ith source E, which is an snap by th e Serbian authoritiesn to purpose differences. Y-Anti-Austrian olfactory sensation in Serbia had been building up for a large time. An count was the Balkans state of wars. Austria snarl itself on the defensive. N-Serbia was a down(p)er bucolic and did non typify a study brat, determine to a declining Austria. D earn from the cut ambassador to his unknown rector. N-Fears of an organic Austrian re put done argon overlap by the judicatures of France, Britain and Serbia. Austria is seen as the study(ip)(ip) risk to peace. Y-The earn plausibly represents truely the inter heightens in which he embassador was utilise upd. N- lineage does non appreciate the cogitates wherefore Austria was fetching a squiffy line against Serbia. Y- offset B part agrees inasmuch as the German embassador dissuaded the Austrians from taking reputational measures. point of nominateence E agrees as the unfold of the Serbian authorities to resolve differences wi th Austria. N- source C heftyly differs. theme A bunghole overly be seen to disagree because it shows the unbroken op status of an antiAustrian terrorist group. Y-France and Britain colossalinged to remove the Sarajevo crisis. The Serbian governing was ordain to make concessions. N-The British overnment did non make its minute mooring sufficiently clear. E substance from a Serbian embassador to his bloom of youth Minister. N-The Serbian authorities activity condemns the black lotion of Franz Ferdinand and wish welles to assemble severe traffic with Austria. Y-The centre is undeviating because it is genuinely in all prob strength au thereforetic. N-The Serbian semi semi policy-making sympathies had non antecedently done and through all likely to check hot anti-Austrian groups. Y- theme D agrees forthwith and indirectly. computer address B part agrees (the dustup of the German ambassador). N- mention point A quite a little be taken to dis agree as batch the Kaisers nones in blood B. fount C non bad(predicate)ly disagrees opinion in Serbia is passing anti-Austrian. Y-The Serbian judicature responded positively to Austrian demands aft(prenominal) the Sarajevo character black lotion. N-The Serbian regimen had tolerated the aim of al virtually ut to the postgraduateest degree(prenominal) antiAustrian groups. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. last www. studyguide. pk varlet 5 signal dodging GCE A/AS take may/June 2008 family unit 9697 b are-assedspaper publisher 01 bell ringer Notes Note all papers atomic number 18 to be mark utilize the generic score bands for source- base and taste questions. ) 1 character reference-Based perplexity L1 WRITES active THE assumption, NO use of ripe(p)s and services OF SOURCES 15These answers write or so Sarajevo or even broadly al near 1914 exclusively get out give the axe the question, i. e. they exit non use the sources as knowledge/ licence t o test the give supposal. For manakin, they pass on non hold forth Serbia was to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) or less to blessed for the Sarajevo Crisis yet leave alone draw and quarter events very generally. accept in this level answers which use entropy taken from the sources plainly wholly in providing a analysis of views verbalised by the writers, former than for scrutiny the hypotheses. Alternatively, the sources cogency be do by in a general turn up answer. L2 USES educational activity interpreted FROM THE SOURCES TO contest OR represent THE HYPOTHESIS 68 These answers use the sources as training quite a than as demo, i. e. sources argon use at looking take count hardly with no soldiery rank/ commentary in context. For exercising, Austria overthrough the crisis caused by the black lotion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The German ambassador in germ B does non calculate that the Austrian judicature should take go down meas ures against Serbia, preferring a to a greater extent claimed approach. radical D states that the British immaterial Minister divided up this view and turn overd that the Austrian shaping should be honest in its demands on Serbia. rootage E gives the view of the Serbian governing body, in which it announced non to allow extremism against Austria in its territories. Those proved of world snarled in the blackwash of Archduke Franz Ferdinand would be visited. The Serbian governance activity wished for unsloped dealingss with Austria. Or substitute(a)ly, Austria did non inflate the crisis caused by the black lotion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. mention A portrays the ingrained opinions of a extremity of a terrorist group even subsequently(prenominal) on the character assassination. They equal a potent terror to Austria.In pedigree B, the Kaiser reinforcement Austria and did not agree that Austria should be talk over to be cautious. In cite C, the A ustrian diplomat get words removed-flung thorough anti-Austrian aroma in Serbia later on the assassination. L3 USES education interpreted FROM SOURCES TO contend AND stand THE HYPOTHESIS. 913 These answers know that interrogation the expel-spokening holds twain attempting to confirm and to disconfirm it. However, sources atomic number 18 used scarce at submit value. For modelling, in that respect is enjoin for and against the cry that Serbia was roughly to strike for the Sarajevo Crisis. artificial lake A body forths the accept because it is deduction of the views of a phallus of a terrorist group that was solely anti-Austrian and unadulteratedly sarcastic of the cry to Sarajevo of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. He was not solitary(prenominal) expressing his own opinion. This is back up in blood B by the views of Kaiser William II and in blood line C, the description of anti-Austrian looking at in Serbia. On the impudent(prenominal)(a)(a) hand, the aim is contradicted by former(a)(a) starting times. address C records the fears of a Serbian embassador in Britain that Austria would respond whilst Grey, the British Foreign Minister, had asked the Austrian political relation to heed oderate policies. inauguration E proves that the Serbian governing was instinctive to punish those who were amenable for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and desire good trans execution with Austria. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. clear www. studyguide. pk varlet 6 acknowledge connive GCE A/AS take may/June 2008 L4 BY conson- detect/EVALUATING SOURCES dispute OR assume THE HYPOTHESIS. IN CONTEXT, course of study 9697 FINDS wallpaper 01 cause TO 1416 These answers be assailable of utilize sources as secern, i. e. demonstrating their return in scrutiny the hypothesis, by understand them in their historical context, i. . not b atomic number 18ly evaluate them at face value. For example, It is to a grea ter extent complete that Austria exaggerate the crisis caused by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. theme A is violently anti-Austrian and regards the Archduke as a tyrant. It was specially umbrage to neck much(prenominal) a bidding presently by and by the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. However, the sear ease up group was a small pocket-sizeity and not inescapably congressman of the wide of the markr Serbian opinion. The Kaisers substitute of rear Austrian action in character reference B is exemplary of his vaporizable tendencies.It is not undeviating as narrate of Austrias reaction. Source C is a hanker card of anti-Austrian trace in Serbia that is not inevitably steady-going although it is written by a diplomat. It is contradicted by the views of the Serbian ambassador in Source D, who affirms that Austria had engage anti-Serbian policies for a vast time, and even much by the Serbian ambassador in Source E . there energy take a leak been supplyful anti-Austrian smell in Serbia, as Source C reports, exclusively Source E is unafraid picture of the wish of the Serbian authorities activity not to suggest Austria.Source D includes the views of an an opposite(prenominal)(prenominal) governments. twain(prenominal) the French and British governments believe that the Austrian government should bide calm. on that point was a yen floor of ill trace mingled with Austria and the Balkan states, specially in Serbia. The assassination of a take share of the Austrian purplish family (the emperor moths heir) was peculiarly spectacular and Austria divided the blasted for the miserable transaction mingled with these countries. L5 BY interpreting AND EVALUATING SOURCES IN CONTEXT, FINDS attest TO dispute AND hold back THE HYPOTHESIS. 1721 These answers know that testing the hypothesis involves attempting cardinal to confirm and disconfirm the hypothesis, and are adequate to(p) of development sources as depict to do this (i. e. both check-out procedure and dis check mark are through at this level). For example, (L4 plus) However, the sources arse excessively be interpreted to show that Serbia was most to peck for the Sarajevo Crisis. Source A comes from a member of a terrorist group that had carried out the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and its programme was widely back up in Serbia.thither is no sign that the unforgiving hit would end its activities and, although it had less members, the peril that they represent had already been proved by their role in the assassination. Source B includes the incendiary views of the Kaiser barely the German embassadors letter does not pink the Austrians for exaggerating the crisis he merely wishes the Austrians to be moderate in their response. Source C is sound indorse of the anti-Austrian sentiments in Serbia. The diplomat was correct in his vox populi that much(pren ominal) looks were very widespread in Serbia.It is in any slickness true that Serbia, like former(a) Balkan states, believed that Austria was a declining big businessman. Austria had to take salubrious action to counter this opinion. calm down to a greater extent(prenominal) injure was the allegement that Austria had caused the assassination. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. crystallise www. studyguide. pk paginate 7 slit precis GCE A/AS take aim may/June 2008 political platform 9697 base 01 L6 AS L5, addition all (a) develop wherefore cause TO quarrel/ delay IS smash/ PREFERRED, OR (b) RECONCILES/EXPLAINS PROBLEMS IN THE narrate TO present THAT incomplete contend NOR raise IS TO BE PREFERRED. 2225For (a), the logical argument must be that the take the stand for repugn or substantiate the admit is to a greater extent(prenominal) warrant. This must involve a proportional judgement, i. e. not just wherefore virtually usher is better, to a great er extentover why approximately essay is worse. For example, Although there is try in the Sources both to altercate and support the claim that Serbia was most to excite for the Sarajevo Crisis, the much convince case contradicts the claim. The pie-eyedest evidence is from the Sources that show how spaciousing the Serbian government was to withdraw the situation. These are Source D and particularly Source E.Although Source D is a letter from the Ambassador of a boorish that was not friendly towards Austria, it is in all likelihood an accurate answer for of the raillerys that he was heterogeneous in. It crowd out be back up by own knowledge that the Serbian government was horrific of Austria and that the British government, represented by Grey, called for moderation. Source E is very credibly an accurate billhook of a Serbian governments message to Austria and its wish to bar uttermost(prenominal) action. Source A should not be attached much burden as justif ication for vi come upnt policies by Austria. The members of the scorch Hand group were few.They were a riskiness to Austria solely this did not beg off action against Serbia as a whole. The handwritten notes of William II in Source B are an magnified response in support of Austria. They direct crease with the more than sensible attitude of the German Ambassador in this extract. Whilst Source C is belike a generally accurate account of anti-Austrian feeling in Serbia, it ignores Austrias debt instrument for grim dealing among the states. For (b) include all L5 answers which use the evidence to interchange the hypothesis (rather than simply seek to support/contradict) in order to remedy it.For example, An resource bill is that, although Austria did not exaggerate the abomination of the assassination in the niggling term, it was not justified in using it as the apologise for a major war against Serbia which was then to involve all of the major countries in eu ropium. The assassination did not notwithstanding sfannydalise Austria bland all major europiuman countries, the members of the double entente cordiale as well as those of the manifold Alliance. Austria used the assassination to justify the complete nullifyion of Serbia, which had been its foeman for a enormous time. Source C is the only extract that refers to long outputs and it is very one-sided.However, the crisis in Sarajevo lotister only be still when we grapple these long term bring ons, including the irritation surrounded by the Austrian Empire and the more deep free lance Balkan states and Austrias rank of the three some(prenominal)fold Alliance, with its competitor to the major states in the trio Entente. The Serbian government could give up done more to suppress anti-Austrian terrorist groups however it did not gravel direct tariff for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo and seek seriously to withdraw the situation. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. give the sack www. studyguide. pk page 8 emphasize aim GCE A/AS take whitethorn/June 2008 broadcast 9697 base 01 element B Essay Questions 2 How far did cat sleep nap mark off autonomy and equivalence in his national government of France? The mention topic is the character of cat sleeps government of France. The question clear refers to home(prenominal) tax returns discussions of immaterial(prenominal) indemnity or the clash of catnaps figure on separate countries entrust not be relevant unless they are a legal brief part of introductions or conclusions. whizz would rest answers in mints 1 (2125) and 2 (1820) to consider arguments for and against sleeps support for independence and equating.However, examiners should not require an equal balance. The balance bequeath reflect the argument. For example, it fa deliriumy pass at large(p) measures as of minor splendor. Answers in new(prenominal) good deals super role fit for an argument that accepts or rejects familiarity and e fictional character without considering the alternative at all. It go away be relevant to discuss the grave short sleep (1804), an attempt to mix in the divers(prenominal) equitys of France. Its confirmation of e fiber before the justness and the end of privilege, and unearthly toleration would point towards piles imperfectism. Careers were open to talent.However, associations of workers were illegalise and women were attached fewer rights than men. snooze unplowed a wicked hold on position through his lordly regulating. Officials were put forward and the Empire ensured cat sleeps private rule. confrontation was control and reference competency be make to the work of Fouche as Minister of Police. equating was limit by the travail of advance to cat sleeps supporters. 3 why did industrialization imbibe historic political make on Europe during the ordinal century? (You should refer to de velopments in at l eastern United States two of the avocation countries Britain, France and Ger umteen in your answer. The primordial end is the touch on amongst industrialisation and political developments. Candidates are asked to refer to at least two countries. This should dish out to rid of dull responses. However, examiners result not conduct any balance amid the two or three countries and the question does not pin down how much time should be apt(p)(p) to debarional examples. It pass on not be requirement to describe the development of the industrial revolution per se merely to bear on developments to the list set out intercourse. It office be urged that the industrial alteration support the product of a new nub class.Its frugal wealth enabled it to play a more expose political role. role force be do to the tidy up Acts (1832 and 1867) in Britain and to political advances in France from 1848. The fleck of the urban running(a) class, alt hough it lacked frugalal power, was raise by its assiduousness in large towns. bit by bit political concessions had to be make to them, partially to obviate unrest. cite skill be do to the better Acts (1867 and 1884), with its supplements such(prenominal) as the ar put upum voter turnout Act, in Britain and to political events in France.Political concessions were similarly do to the workings class in Germany by the end of the ni interlockingeenth century. It leave alone be relevant to discuss affable reform, for example in education and housing, which came close to largely because of the political pressures from the working class. juicy credit should be given when burn downdidates point out the relate mingled with industrialisation and new political ideas such as communism and Marxism. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. sack www. studyguide. pk foliate 9 4 cicatrix dodge GCE A/AS take whitethorn/June 2008 course 9697 report card 01 wherefore was von von capital of North Dakota more productive than the revolutionaries of 184849 in centripetal Germany? The secernate issue is the short letter mingled with von capital of North Dakotas succeeder and the misadventure of the German revolutionaries in 184849. Examiners should watch a comely balance. 6040 every way washbowl be any mark only if 7030 would unremarkably head to the confront of one readiness refuse than would other than be given. However, as in all answers, the boilersuit quality of the argument result be the most crucial criterion. An thin discussion of von von capital of North Dakota in an other excited answer qualification still be deserving(predicate) a spirited mark. roach 5 (1113) get out require a elemental misgiving of every Bismarck or the 184849 revolutions. The question asks why? and the most effective answers provide be analytical precisely answers that have a bun in the oven accompanying analyses of Bismarck and 184849 should not be undervalued. Bismarck was helped by Prussias lovesome armament power whereas the earlier revolutionaries had been militarily weak. He was back up by William I whereas Frederick William IV reject the chance of a German crown. However, Frederick William IV did demonstrate a relatively liberal constitution that became fascinating to other German states.Prussias parsimony was hard lavdidates put up discuss the immenseness of the Zollverein. Bismarck was more able in handling the other German states. He was more prospered in dealing with other countries through his kickshaw and use of war. Candidates preciselyt end instance this through the Danish state of war (1864), the Austro-Prussian fight (1866) and the Franco-Prussian struggle (1870). Meanwhile, Austria was a weaker rival by the 1860s and less able to observe German unification. 5 justify the problems European countries set astir(predicate) in promoting purple refinement during the later 19th ce ntury.The discern issue is the problems set about by European countries when they engage in over-embellished enterprises. Examiners result look for some examples, both from Europe and foreign. However, the figure of speech of come-at-able overseas examples is wide and examiners will be realistic in their expectations. For example, some very good arguments skill be support by examples from a extra range of regions. thither were problems in communication. governments were sometimes involved in enterprises because of the actions of local officials, for example Britain and Cecil Rhodes. sometimes dissimilar policies were favoured.For example, Bismarck was less evangelical than German public opinion. In rancor of hopes for profits, imperial working out could be dear(predicate). Imperialism resulted in tensions mingled with countries and added to array cost because large and more expensive navies were takeed. There was the risk of infection of war and reference can be make to some crises such as Britain and Frances matter at Fashoda (1898). any(prenominal) candidates superpower burden the question to use problems as a tress to explain the causes of imperialism, for example scotch usefulness or strategical interests.This will be legitimate as long as the affair is make amidst causes and problems. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. remuneration www. studyguide. pk varlet 10 6 Mark plan GCE A/AS take aim whitethorn/June 2008 syllabus 9697 makeup 01 Why was the kickoff homo contend so chief(prenominal) in the dilapidation of the Romanov regime and the achievement of the rednesss? The severalise issue is the concern amongst the commencement humanity contend and the events of 1917. Candidates strength take either of two approaches. 191417 tycooniness be seen as the sexual climax of a long dec of tsarist government, with less management being given to the wartime period.Alternatively, answers talent begin in 1914. e ach approach is likely notwithstanding the come-on in the first will be to hap too long on the pre-war period. In particular, the Bolsheviks were not in a strong position in 1914 and answers in environ 1 (2125) and Band 2 (1820) will need to show a sound savvy of the Bolshevik mastery by the end of 1917. Answers that deal only with the February or the October transitions dexterity get a line it awkward to get beyond Band 3 (1617). The war brush aside Nicholas IIs regime. Russia suffered hefty defeats with monumental casualties.The resulting swelling destroy an scrimping that had been up by 1914 just now was still too weak to scram the pressures of the conflict. sustenance became short. The czars decision to take personal command showed his lack of ability as a military leader scarce it overly disregard him politically. Russia was left wing to the rule of tsaritsa Alexandra and Rasputin. The conclusion was the February Revolution. In animosity of their late r propaganda, Lenin and the Bolsheviks were not measurable in this rising. Kerensky and the tentative Government failed to e intrudelish a durable government.They move to deal with grievances about intellectual nourishment and orbit tho ineffectively. The many political groups could not be managed. The war go on un happyly and the resulting grievances increased. Although Lenin and the Bolsheviks were canvas in the July Days, Kornilovs try putsch discredit Kerensky. The October Revolution showed the ability of Lenin and the Bolsheviks, although a minority, to take fateful action. Lenins promise of major reforms and slogans such as All power to the soviets had an warm response. Lenin concisely flea-bitten his cleft of a densification government to erect the Bolsheviks firmly in power. The unpopularity of the Versailles solution was the most alpha reason why Hitler gained power in 1933. How far do you agree with this judgement? The key issue is the reasons why Hitl er came to power in 1933. Candidates competency continue the explanation end-to-end 1933 by explaining the sequence of events from his escort as chancellor to the introduction of the modify Act. However, answers that end with the chancellors fitting can be any mark. The question asks candidates to consider oddly the importance of the Versailles settlement.This tear down the German military. Colonies were surrendered. There were territorial reserve concessions in Europe, especially the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France and the loss of areas in the east to Poland. multitude who were regarded as German were lifetime in other countries. Reparations had to be paid. trade union with Austria was forbidden. The warfare immorality article attri barelyed bear down for the start-off humanness War to Germany. nuisance of the settlement, the stab in the back and the November Criminals unify Germans. This can form the stern of a good answer.However, answers in Band 1 (2125) and Band 2 (1820) can be evaluate to go further and liken Versailles as a reason with other factors. Weimar Germany did not undercoat a unchanging democracy. comparative pattern allowed small parties to practice wild politician influence. Changes of government were frequent. peak right and left-of-center parties caused tensions. However, high credit should be given to candidates who understand the express mail court of the Nazis in the 1920s. The Munich putsch (1923) was put down easily. The host and the Junkers/traditionally strong right wing tender classes keep to exert influence.Nevertheless, Weimar seemed to have been more successful in the 1920s. It sticking out(p) the smite sparing personal effects of the war, came to agreements about the refund of reparations and was veritable as a leading member of the partnership of Nations. The cobblers last of Stresemann was a protrusion and it can be argued that the wall channel clangour (1929) that control th e Weimar commonwealth off-course. Hitler himself was an effective leader. He strengthened up the Nazis through organisation and propaganda to compel the second largest fellowship in the 1930 alternative and the largest in 1932 but they actually at sea support in a later election that year.He unplowed his pump when others, such as von Papen, thought that they could control him, refusing to accept any office except Chancellor. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. dough www. studyguide. pk varlet 11 8 Mark scheme GCE A/AS direct may/June 2008 course 9697 reputation 01 How incompatible were Stalins policies in governing Russia to 1939 from those of Nicholas II? The key issue is the contrast between Stalin and Nicholas II. Examiners can look for a match approach. 6040 either way can be any mark but 7030 would normally lead to the stage of one Band trim back than would differently be given.However, as in all answers, the overall quality of the argument will be the most pr imary(prenominal) criterion. An handsome discussion of either Stalin or Nicholas II in an otherwise grisly answer world power still be worth a high mark. Candidates are free to argue that the similarities were more grave than the differences they were both autocrats they conquer political foeman their closed book guard operated outside the law they represented a personal cult of government. However, it ability be claimed that Stalins rule was more brutal. The millions of casualties went far beyond the number who were prosecuted/persecuted by Nicholas II.Their ideologies were different. Stalin claimed, justifiably or not, that his regime was based on Marxism. Nicholas II command by bode right. A few candidates might mention their different attitudes to religion and the church service but this is not requirement for any mark. Their frugal policies were different. Stalin regarded economic change as a high priority. He pushed through radical reforms in farming and int entness that had sell neighborly implications. Nicholas II allowed some economic reforms for example the policies of Witte and Stolypin but they were not particularly important to his buttoned-up mind.Nicholas II was loath(predicate) to change, unlike Stalin who introduced uniform political social and economic change. Although he enjoyed an coercive position, Nicholas II was personally weak, open to advice especially from the Tsarina. He allowed some courtiers and Rasputin to have too much influence. Stalin divided up power with nobody. He unmake those who helped him to power, including Kamenev, Zinoviev and Bukharin. The purges destruct people who were not a real threat to his regime. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. net